Identification of key genes with abnormal RNA methylation modification and selected m6A regulators in ankylosing spondylitis

Abstract Background N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has been identified as the most abundant modification of RNA molecules and the aberrant m6A modifications have been associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of m6A modification in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has not been adequately investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the significance of m6A regulator‐mediated RNA methylation in AS. Methods The methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (meRIP‐seq) and digital RNA sequencing (Digital RNA‐seq) were conducted using the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from three AS cases and three healthy controls, to identify genes affected by abnormal RNA methylation. The genes associated with different peaks were cross‐referenced with AS‐related genes obtained from the GeneCards Suite. Subsequently, the expression levels of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key m6A regulators in AS were evaluated using data from 68 AS cases and 36 healthy controls from two data sets (GSE25101 and GSE73754). In addition, the results were validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results The meRIP‐seq and Digital RNA‐seq analyses identified 28 genes with upregulated m6A peaks but with downregulated expression, and 52 genes with downregulated m6A peaks but with upregulated expression. By intersecting the genes associated with different peaks with 2184 AS‐related genes from the GeneCards Suite, we identified a total of five shared DEGs: BCL11B , KAT6B , IL1R1 , TRIB1 , and ALDH2 . Through analysis of the data sets and qPCR, we found that BCL11B and IL1R1 were differentially expressed in AS. Moreover, two key m6A regulators, WTAP and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, were identified. Conclusions In conclusion, the current study revealed that m6A modification plays a crucial role in AS and might hence provide a new treatment strategy for AS disease.