Fatty Liver Disease

The content of this chapter delves into the prevalence, etiology, physiology, pathogenesis, clinical pathology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fatty liver disease in dairy cows. Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome, significantly impacts both the economic and animal welfare aspects of the livestock industry. The intricate physiology of the liver, its metabolic functions, and the various factors that contribute to the development of fatty liver disease are discussed. Etiology includes high energy diets, a negative energy balance, obesity, and stress. Pathogenesis involves the mobilization of fat in the liver, which leads to the accumulation of triglycerides and fatty liver. Clinical pathology outlines the abnormal parameters in affected cows, while clinical findings describe symptoms that range from reduced feed intake to severe liver failure. A diagnosis involves a physical examination, blood tests, liver biopsy, ultrasonography, and postmortem examination. Treatment focuses on preventing fat mobilization and correcting ketosis-related effects. Prevention and control strategies emphasize balanced nutrition, timely disease management, and monitoring the body condition. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights for livestock industry stakeholders to enhance animal health, welfare, and economic sustainability.