Optimizing CAR-T cell Culture: Differential effects of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-21 on CAR-T cells

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy has demonstrated sustained clinical remission in numerous hematologic malignancies and has expanded to encompass solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. While progress is being made in establishing optimal culture conditions for CAR-T cells, the identification of the most effective cytokine for promoting their persistence in vitro remains elusive.