Two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets coated solid-phase microextraction Arrow coupled with UPLC-Q-ToF-MS for the determination of three veterinary residues in milk and pork

This study presents a method utilizing solid-phase microextraction Arrow (SPME Arrow) combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) for the selective detection of three veterinary drugs-thiabendazole, sulfamethazine, and clenbuterol-in milk and pork. Two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanosheets (2D-MOFs) were employed as coating materials for the SPME Arrow. Three types of 2D-MOFs (Ni, Mn, and Co based) were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a physical adsorption analyzer. The 2D-MOF coatings were fabricated using the electrospinning technique, with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) serving as the binder. Comparative analysis of the three 2D-MOF coatings revealed that 2D-Ni-MOF was the optimal coating material for the SPME Arrow. Optimization of the coating preparation conditions and SPME procedures included determining the optimal mass ratio of 2D-Ni-MOF to PAN, electrospinning time, and extraction and desorption parameters. Equilibrium extraction was achieved within 60 min, and desorption was completed within 30 min. Subsequently, the 2D-Ni-MOF-SPME Arrow-UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method was established and validated under optimal conditions, demonstrating high precision with inter-day precision ranging from 3.8 % to 9.5 % and intra-day precision ranging from 5.1 % to 11.5 %. The reusability study indicated that the extraction performance of the new SPME Arrow remained consistent after 90 adsorption-desorption cycles. The method exhibited linearity in milk and pork over the ranges of 0.002-5 μg L