Bidirectional Interphase Modulation of Phosphate Electrolyte Enables Intrinsic Safety and Superior Stability for High-Voltage Lithium–Metal Batteries

cell assembled with a thin Li anode and high mass-loading cathode at a high cutoff voltage of 4.6 V retains a 98.4% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1C. This work affords a promising strategy to develop nonflammable electrolytes enabling the high safety, good cyclability, and low cost of high-energy LMBs.