Effective substances and mechanism of red ginseng on rats with spleen-deficiency syndrome based on the substance and energy metabolism as well as the “brain-gut” axis

新陈代谢 脾脏 肠-脑轴 人参 能量代谢 药理学 医学 内分泌学 内科学 免疫系统 免疫学 病理 替代医学
作者
Xu Zhang,Xiaotong Wang,Rui Shi,Xiaoku Ran,Xiahong He,Deqiang Dou
出处
期刊:Journal of Ethnopharmacology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:311: 116438-116438 被引量:11
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116438
摘要

Red ginseng (RG), a processed product of ginseng (GS), is a generally used qi-tonifying medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to the TCM principle, RG is also generally applied to spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) clinically for its warmer property. However, the effective substances and mechanism of RG on SDS have not been well investigated.The aim of this study was to explore the effective substances and their mechanism of RG on SDS.The SDS model was established with a compound factor method involving an irregular diet, excessive fatigue and sennae folium with a bitter-cold property. The medicine of RG was split by multi-mode separation methods and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The appearance indexes such as body weight, body temperature, swimming endurance, urine output, and water content of fecal were determined. The biochemical indexes such as D-xylose, SP, VIP and AChE in the digestive system, CRH, ACTH, CORT, E, T3, T4, T, E2 and 5-HT in the endocrine system, CS, NCR, IDH1, COX and Na+-K+-ATPase in the metabolism of substance and energy, cAMP and cGMP in the cyclic nucleotide system were analyzed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and biochemical kits. The serum metabolites were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF/MS. Furthermore, the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and headspace gas chromatography-mass method.The pharmacological experiments showed that total saponin fraction (RGTSF), less polar fraction (RGLPF), and polysaccharides faction (RGPSF) significantly modulated the "brain-gut" axis-related indexes (the levels of VIP, AChE, and 5-HT). Besides, RGTSF also significantly modulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related indexes as well as the substance and energy metabolism-related indexes (the levels of ACTH, CORT, A, Na+-K+-ATPase, COX, NCR and CS). RGPSF also significantly modulated the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis-related indexes (the levels of T3 and T4). Secondly, metabolomics indicated that RGTSF could significantly regulate the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with the development of SDS, which involved steroid hormone biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Subsequently, the study of gut microbiota indicated that RGLPF could increase the diversities of the gut microbiota and the relative abundance of Firmicutes in rats with SDS, while RGWEF significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, RGLPF could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in rats with SDS and decrease that of Akkermansia. Meanwhile, the water-eluted fraction (RGWEF) showed a stronger regulation in SCFAs.It is for the first time that the effective substances of red ginseng on spleen-deficiency syndrome were studied systematically, and the different mechanisms of the RG fractions involved in substance and energy metabolism as well as the "brain-gut" axis were revealed. The present study demonstrated that RGTSF, RGPSF, and RGLPF were the effective substances of red ginseng for ameliorating spleen-deficiency syndrome, indicating that ginsenosides composed of primary and secondary saponins as well as polysaccharides were the main effective substances for red ginseng in ameliorating spleen-deficiency syndrome.
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
伶俐的秋白完成签到,获得积分10
刚刚
刚刚
思源应助维生素采纳,获得10
1秒前
1秒前
完美梨愁发布了新的文献求助10
4秒前
4秒前
5秒前
英俊的铭应助白兰鸽采纳,获得10
7秒前
布洛小芬完成签到 ,获得积分20
8秒前
whatever应助shark采纳,获得20
8秒前
默默雪旋完成签到 ,获得积分10
8秒前
牧紫菱完成签到,获得积分10
9秒前
10秒前
11秒前
小王发布了新的文献求助10
11秒前
11秒前
Eric完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
开朗的山彤完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
维生素完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
时林完成签到,获得积分10
12秒前
傻瓜完成签到 ,获得积分10
13秒前
14秒前
大观天下发布了新的文献求助10
16秒前
忽远忽近的她完成签到 ,获得积分10
16秒前
维生素发布了新的文献求助10
17秒前
butterfly发布了新的文献求助10
19秒前
豆豆完成签到 ,获得积分10
20秒前
范先生完成签到,获得积分10
23秒前
2222222完成签到,获得积分10
23秒前
Hello应助bulingbuling采纳,获得10
23秒前
蜡笔小新完成签到,获得积分10
26秒前
希望天下0贩的0应助小王采纳,获得10
26秒前
赘婿应助lh采纳,获得10
27秒前
27秒前
科研通AI2S应助butterfly采纳,获得10
28秒前
大模型应助butterfly采纳,获得10
28秒前
30秒前
做个梦给你完成签到,获得积分10
30秒前
学霸宇大王完成签到 ,获得积分10
30秒前
甜蜜的楷瑞完成签到,获得积分10
31秒前
高分求助中
【提示信息,请勿应助】关于scihub 10000
Les Mantodea de Guyane: Insecta, Polyneoptera [The Mantids of French Guiana] 3000
徐淮辽南地区新元古代叠层石及生物地层 3000
The Mother of All Tableaux: Order, Equivalence, and Geometry in the Large-scale Structure of Optimality Theory 3000
Global Eyelash Assessment scale (GEA) 1000
Picture Books with Same-sex Parented Families: Unintentional Censorship 550
Research on Disturbance Rejection Control Algorithm for Aerial Operation Robots 500
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 4038388
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3576106
关于积分的说明 11374447
捐赠科研通 3305798
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1819322
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 892672
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 815029