A sensor based on silver nanoparticles synthesized on carbon graphite sheets for the electrochemical detection of nitrofurazone: Application: Tap water, commercial milk and human urine

Nitrofurazone is a nitrofuran-family synthetic chemical that has been used to treat bacterial infections since 1993. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by the thermal technique on graphite carbon sheets under optimal conditions were used to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor. The main experimental characteristics are optimized to assure that this sensor functions correctly. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition and morphology of the prepared pastes. With a maximal reduction peak of La nitrofurazone observed at −0.57V/[email protected] versus Ag/AgCl, this sensor demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of La nitrofurazone. The influence of phosphate buffer solution pH indicates that the numbers of protons and electrons in the reaction at the surface of our constructed sensor were the same. The LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 1.2 × 10−8 M and 1.3 × 10−7 M, respectively. Using the differential pulse voltammetry technique, the calibration curve was established in the concentration range of 10−4 M to 2 × 10−7 M. Our [email protected] sensors were evaluated in order to detect nitrofurazone in real contaminated samples tap water, commercial milk, and human urine, in particular. The electroanalysis results show a very high recovery rate of more than 96% on average, permitting us to determine that our sensors are functional under optimum working conditions.