Interpretation of Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutters by Precision Electrocardiology Based on Intracardiac Recording

Atrial flutter is a term encompassing multiple clinical entities. Clinical manifestations of these arrhythmias range from typical isthmus-dependent flutter to post-ablation microreentries. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool in typical flutter, but it is often unable to clearly localize atrial flutters maintained by more complex reentrant circuits. Electrophysiology study and mapping are able to characterize in fine details all the components of the circuit and determine their electrophysiological properties. Combining these 2 techniques can greatly help in understanding the vectors determining the ECG morphology of the flutter waveforms, increasing the diagnostic usefulness of this tool.