Formation Cycle Control for Enhanced Structural Stability of Ni-Rich LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 Cathodes

Nickel-rich NCM cathode materials promise lithium-ion batteries with a high energy density. However, an increased Ni fraction in the cathode leads to complex phase transformations with electrode-electrolyte side reactions, which cause rapid capacity fading. Here, we show that an initial formation cycle at 0.1 C with a higher cutoff voltage (≥4.35 V) increases the stability of Ni-rich NCM (LiNi