Prognostic Factors and Outcomes of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma

Background Malignant melanoma is a common skin cancer among Asians. However, some features, such as tumor type and initial stages, are not comparable with those found in Western countries. We audited a large cohort of patients at a single tertiary referral hospital in Thailand to identify factors affecting the prognosis. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of patients diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma between 2005 and 2019. Details of demographic data, clinical characteristics, pathological reports, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses of overall survival and factors affecting survival were investigated. Results The study enrolled 174 patients (79 men and 95 women) with pathologically confirmed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Their mean age was 63 years. The most common clinical presentation was a pigmented lesion (40.8%), with the plantar area being the most common site (25.9%). The mean duration of onset and hospitalization was 17.5 months. The 3 most common types of melanoma were acral lentiginous (50.7%), nodular (28.9%), and superficial spreading (9.9%). Eighty-eight cases (50.6%) had concomitant ulceration. Pathological stage III was the most common (42.1%). The 5-year overall survival was 43%, and the median survival time was 3.91 years. Multivariate analysis showed that clinically palpable lymph nodes, distant metastasis, a Breslow thickness ≥ 2 mm, and evidence of lymphovascular invasion were poor prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions In our study, most patients with cutaneous melanoma presented with a higher pathological stage. Independent factors affecting survival are palpable lymph nodes, distant metastases, Breslow thickness, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion. The overall 5-year survival rate was 43%.