Cancer stem cells

Chapter 24 Cancer stem cells Sara Ali, Sara Ali Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorDominique Bonnet, Dominique Bonnet Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author Sara Ali, Sara Ali Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UKSearch for more papers by this authorDominique Bonnet, Dominique Bonnet Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UKSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Drew Provan, Drew ProvanSearch for more papers by this authorHillard M. Lazarus, Hillard M. LazarusSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394180486.ch24 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary Akin to hematopoietic stem cells, the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis posits that tumors assume a hierarchical organization in which a subpopulation of cells with stem-like properties reside at the apex, and have the capacity to self-renew and regenerate tumors that recapitulate the parental tumor from which they originate. The earliest evidence supporting the concept of a preleukemic state came from clonality studies utilizing X-chromosome inactivation patterns in acute myeloid leukemia patients heterozygous for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. The mainstay treatment in patients with hematological malignancies remains traditional therapies that target the tumor bulk but leave CSCs largely untouched, potentially contributing to chemoresistance and disease relapse. Validation of CSC-targeted therapies in the in vivo setting is also paramount, as stemness is a functional definition. This would require having reliable methods to isolate CSCs, which poses an additional challenge, as CSCs can be phenotypically unstable. Further reading The cancer stem cell concept Ailles , L.E. and Weissman , I.L. ( 2007 ). Cancer stem cells in solid tumors . Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 18 : 460 – 466 . 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.10.007 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Al-Hajj , M. , Wicha , M.S. , Benito-Hernandez , A. et al . ( 2003 ). Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 : 3983 – 3988 . 10.1073/pnas.0530291100 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Baccelli , I. and Trumpp , A. ( 2012 ). The evolving concept of cancer and metastasis stem cells . J. Cell Biol. 198 : 281 – 293 . 10.1083/jcb.201202014 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Bonnet , D. and Dick , J.E. ( 1997 ). Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell . Nat. Med. 3 : 730 – 737 . 10.1038/nm0797-730 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Maehle , A.H. ( 2011 ). Ambiguous cells: the emergence of the stem cell concept in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries . Notes Rec. R. Soc. 65 : 359 – 378 . 10.1098/rsnr.2011.0023 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Marjanovic , N.D. , Weinberg , R.A. , and Chaffer , C.L. ( 2013 ). Cell plasticity and heterogeneity in cancer . Clin. Chem. 59 : 168 – 179 . 10.1373/clinchem.2012.184655 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Quintana , E. , Shackleton , M. , Sabel , M.S. et al . ( 2008 ). Efficient tumour formation by single human melanoma cells . 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