Effect of structural changes of Pd/WO3 thin films on response direction and rate in hydrogen detection

Hydrogen (H2) has attracted considerable attention as a renewable energy carrier owing to its recyclability and environmental friendliness. However, due to its explosive nature at concentrations above 4% in air, the detection of H2 is a critical safety concern. Thereby, this study investigates the impact of the growth forms of the Pd/WO3 thin film layer on the sensor's ability to detect H2, including the response direction and rate of the sensor's resistance change. The chemoresistive sensors were constructed using a nanoporous WO3 film (formed via RF sputtering on a Si/SiO2 wafer) and a palladium layer (deposited via e-beam evaporation). Experimental results display the excellent hydrogen detection performance of the sensors at concentrations ranging from 1- 10% (in air) by the change of chemoresistance and demonstrate that the strategies used in fabricating the sensors are effective for practical use. By gaining a deeper understanding of the hydrogen sensing mechanisms in Pd/WO3 thin films, this study reveals how to improve the performance of hydrogen sensors and ensure their safe use in various industries.