A review on failure of tibia bone and associated implant

The history of the use of implants for the treatment of fractures is a relic. Generally, the cause of bone fracture is majorly due to two major reasons: high-impact energy or stress. The methods, techniques, and materials for implants have changed drastically in the last few years. Implants have evolved to a completely new level now. However, even after doing a lot of research and development, it is observed that the implants tend to fail. The reasons for the failure of the tibia bone are many, which involve factors such as age, gender, and various habits like smoking, drinking, and diseases like diabetes. All these factors are major contributors to the variation of bone density and osseointegration. The failure of the Tibia implant is categorized into mechanical and chemical failure. The mechanical failure is caused by the implant's bending and brittle or plastic failure. The corrosive failure is due to the chemical reactions between the implant material and human tissue. This review involves the brief history of implants and the factors accountable for the failure of bones and implants. Further, it also gives brief information about implementing 3D printing technology for implant design and manufacturing.