Phyllosticta sp.: A review on their occurrence and bioactive compounds

Phyllosticta species are primarily plant pathogens that infect a wide variety of hosts and are responsible for a variety of diseases, including leaf and fruit spots. Several of these pathogens cause economically significant diseases. However, several Phyllosticta species have been isolated as endophytes from various hosts. The primary characteristic that distinguishes Phyllosticta species is the production of pycnidia containing aseptate, hyaline conidia that are typically covered in a mucoid layer and bear a single apical appendage. Due to their genetic and morphological diversity, which results in structurally diverse secondary metabolites, this understudied microorganism is attracting attention as an attractive source of new compounds. Phyllosticta sp. are excellent sources of naturally occurring drugs because they produce a variety of bioactive molecules such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, quinines, steroids, and terpenoids. These compounds were discovered to possess a broad range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and herbicidal properties. The occurrence and morphology of Phyllosticta sp. are highlighted in this review. Additionally, the review discusses the bioactive metabolites isolated from Phyllosticta sp. As a result, it can be concluded that Phyllosticta sp. is a reservoir of bioactive metabolites. As a result, additional research on bioprospecting novel compounds from this potential microorganism should be conducted.