化学
细胞内
环肽
内吞作用
小分子
细胞通透性
细胞
细胞膜
内体
肽
药物发现
生物物理学
计算生物学
肽库
渗透(战争)
生物化学
肽序列
生物
基因
工程类
运筹学
作者
Patrick G. Dougherty,Ashweta Sahni,Dehua Pei
出处
期刊:Chemical Reviews
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2019-05-14
卷期号:119 (17): 10241-10287
被引量:397
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00008
摘要
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
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