Characterization of defects on ZnO and RuZnO: a structural, TPD, and spectroscopic study

Surface and bulk defects in ZnO were recognized as interstitial zinc atoms and surface oxygen vacancies (V0)s by means of XRD, SEM, TPD and ESR measurements. Dispersion of ruthenium at the ZnO surface induces an electron transfer from ZnO defects to the metal as revealed by ESR and XPS spectroscopy.