3D Simulation of End‐Plate Bolted Connections

A methodology based on finite‐element modeling is developed to analytically evaluate the moment‐rotation relationships for steel bolted end‐plate connections. ANSYS, version 4.4, a large‐scale general‐purpose finite‐element code is selected for equivalent three dimensional (3D) analysis. The end plate, beam and column flanges, webs, and column stiffeners are represented as plate elements. Each bolt shank is modeled using six spar elements. Three‐dimensional interface elements are used to model the boundary between column flange and back of the end plate that may make or break contact. Besides the overall behavior of the connection, the contribution of bolts, end‐plate and column flange flexibility to the behavior is singled out. The distribution and variation of prying forces is shown graphically. The methodology is demonstrated for an extended end‐plate connection, and the results are compared against experimental data to verify the feasibility of the modeling and associated computer analyses.