后代
甲状腺
胎儿程序设计
胎儿
背景(考古学)
怀孕
医学
内分泌系统
内分泌学
观察研究
激素
内科学
生理学
生物信息学
生物
遗传学
古生物学
作者
Stine Linding Andersen,Allan Carlé,Jesper Karmisholt,Inge Bülow Pedersen,Stig Andersen
出处
期刊:European journal of endocrinology
[Bioscientifica]
日期:2017-04-05
卷期号:177 (1): R27-R36
被引量:60
摘要
Fetal programming is a long-standing, but still evolving, concept that links exposures during pregnancy to the later development of disease in the offspring. A fetal programming effect has been considered within different endocrine axes and in relation to different maternal endocrine diseases. In this critical review, we describe and discuss the hypothesis of fetal programming by maternal thyroid dysfunction in the context of fetal brain development and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of early brain development, and evidence from experimental and observational human studies have demonstrated structural and functional abnormalities in the brain caused by the lack or excess of thyroid hormone during fetal brain development. The hypothesis that such abnormalities introduced during early fetal brain development increase susceptibility for the later onset of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring is biologically plausible. However, epidemiological studies on the association between maternal thyroid dysfunction and long-term child outcomes are observational in design, and are challenged by important methodological aspects.
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