MICRORNA AND OBESITY. A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

The incidence of obesity is steadily increasing worldwide, reaching the epidemic. Obesity is associated with cardiometabolic diseases through the complex interactions between genetics and epigenetics predisposition, the environment, diet, and lifestyle. However, the molecular mechanisms and factors influencing these processes are not fully known. MicroRNAs are a new class of important regulatory determinants in many biological and pathological processes. There is increasing evidence of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the functional activity of adipose tissue and the development of obesity. A change in the expression of MicroRNAs can lead to changes in the activity of genes that control a number of biological processes, including inflammation, lipid metabolism, and adipogenesis. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the regulation of adipogenesis and the development of obesity will establish therapeutic targets for the development of new and effective drugs, which will lead to a breakthrough in the fight against obesity and related diseases. This review presents current data on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of the functional activity of adipose tissue, including adipogenesis of white, beige and brown adipocytes, as well as the prerequisites for using miRNAs as biomarkers of obesity and the possibility of therapeutic use.