Preparation of oriented collagen fiber scaffolds and its application in bone tissue engineering

Collagen fibers are usually arranged with a complex structure in the body, and their arrangement is considered to play an important role in stimulating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and secretion of extracellular matrix. Oriented collagen fiber scaffolds have similar effect on cells, and have achieved exciting results in the field of tissue repair. Bone is an important load-bearing tissue of human body, and the arrangement of collagen fibers in bone has a significant effect on the mechanical properties and physiological functions of bone. Oriented collagen fiber scaffolds can not only promote the growth of new bone, but also induce cells to secrete extracellular matrix with orientation structure. However, due to the complex arrangement of collagen fibers in bone, the repair and bionics of bone tissue are facing great challenges. The research on the preparation methods of oriented collagen fiber scaffolds can provide reference for the preparation of bone biomimetic materials with complex collagen fiber structure. Therefore, a variety of preparation methods of oriented collagen fiber scaffolds in vitro, involving mechanical, electrical, magnetic and other fields are reviewed in this paper. And the application prospect and scientific challenges of oriented collagen fiber scaffolds, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering, are also described.