Emerging technologies for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem affecting 422 million people worldwide, of which 34.2 million live in the United States alone. Complications due to diabetes can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality related to both microvascular and macrovascular disease. While glycosylated hemoglobin testing is the standard test utilized to evaluate glycemic control, emerging targets like "time in range" and "glycemic variability" often provide more accurate assessments of glycemic fluctuations and have implications for diabetes complications and quality of life. Patients with diabetes face considerable burdens of self-care including frequent glucose monitoring, multiple insulin injections, dietary management, and the need to track daily activities, all of which lead to reduced adherence and psychological burnout. From the provider perspective, limited patient data and access to self-management tools lead to treatment inertia and a reduced ability to help patients achieve and maintain their glycemic goals. In the past few decades, there have been considerable advances in treatment-based technology and technological applications designed to help reduce patient burden and provide tools for better self-management. These advances make real-time clinical data available for clinicians to make necessary changes in treatment regimens. In this review, we discuss the latest emerging technologies available for the management of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.糖尿病是一个全球性的健康问题, 影响着全球4.22亿人, 其中仅美国就有3420万人。糖尿病引起的并发症可导致与微血管和大血管疾病相关的高发病率和死亡率。虽然糖化血红蛋白测试是用来评估血糖控制的标准测试, 但新兴的指标, 如“在范围内的时间”和“血糖变异性”, 往往能提供更准确的血糖波动评估, 并对糖尿病并发症和生活质量产生影响。糖尿病患者面临着相当大的自我护理负担, 包括频繁的血糖监测、多次胰岛素注射、饮食管理以及跟踪日常活动的需要, 所有这些都会导致依从性降低和心理倦怠。从提供者的角度来看, 有限的患者数据和自我管理工具的使用导致了治疗的惰性, 并降低了帮助患者实现和维持血糖目标的能动性。在过去的几十年里, 以治疗为基础的技术和应用取得了长足的进步, 旨在帮助减轻患者的负担, 并为更好的自我管理提供工具。这些进展使临床医生可以获得实时的临床数据, 以便对治疗方案进行必要的改变。在这篇综述中, 我们讨论了可用于2型糖尿病患者管理的新兴技术。.