RNA聚合酶Ⅱ
核小体
组蛋白
生物
染色质
抄写(语言学)
细胞生物学
甲基化
组蛋白甲基化
遗传学
表观遗传学
DNA甲基化
基因
发起人
基因表达
语言学
哲学
作者
Justin Chan,Amarjeet Kumar,Hidetoshi Kono
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2022.04.010
摘要
The current understanding of how specific distributions of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are achieved throughout the chromatin remains incomplete. This review focuses on the role of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in establishing H2BK120/K123 ubiquitination and H3K4/K36 methylation distribution. The rate of RNAPII transcription is mainly a function of the RNAPII elongation and recruitment rates. Two major mechanisms link RNAPII's transcription rate to the distribution of PTMs. First, the phosphorylation patterns of Ser2P/Ser5P in the C-terminal domain of RNAPII change as a function of time, since the start of elongation, linking them to the elongation rate. Ser2P/Ser5P recruits specific histone PTM enzymes/activators to the nucleosome. Second, multiple rounds of binding and catalysis by the enzymes are required to establish higher methylations (H3K4/36me3). Thus, methylation states are determined by the transcription rate. In summary, the first mechanism determines the location of methylations in the gene, while the second mechanism determines the methylation state.
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