Autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: A non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial

Abstract Aim To compare the efficacy of equine‐derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone block (ABB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two‐stage implant placement. Materials and Methods Sixty‐four patients with tooth gaps up to four teeth and atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. Lateral bone thickness (LBT) was measured 2 mm below the alveolar crest at augmentation surgery and 30 weeks later at implant placement. Implant‐related outcomes, adverse events, surgery duration, pain sensation, analgesic consumption, and oral health‐related quality of life were also assessed. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. Results At 30 weeks, the median change in LBT amounted to 2.90 (CXBB) and 3.00 (ABB), respectively. Secondary endpoints demonstrated similar results for CXBB and ABB in terms of possibility to place an implant, need to perform a secondary bone augmentation at implant placement and rate of complications. Early implant failure was 20% for CXBB and 10% for ABB, with no difference between the groups. Pain scores and post‐operative consumption of analgesics were significantly lower in the CXBB group than in the ABB group, especially during the first days post‐surgery. Conclusions CXBB is non‐inferior to ABB for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two‐stage implant placement.