Dynamic analysis of flavor properties and microbial communities in Chinese pickled chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.): A typical industrial-scale natural fermentation process

Pickled chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), a traditional Chinese fermented vegetable product, is favored by consumers because of its unique flavor. Microbial succession is the main factor affecting the development of the typical flavor of pickled chili pepper. This study investigated the dynamics of flavor changes (mouthfeel sensation, taste properties, and aroma profile) and microbial diversity (bacterial and fungal communities) during the industrial-scale fermentation of pickled chili pepper. Results revealed that during fermentation, the hardness and pungency of pickled chili pepper decreased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas organic acids, free amino acids, and volatiles (especially terpenes, alcohols, and aldehydes) increased significantly (P < 0.05). Lactobacillus and Candida species, specifically, Lactobacillus brevis and Candida sp. F15, dominated in pickled chili pepper. Correlation analysis indicated that the dominant bacterial (Lactobacillus versmoldensis and L. brevis) and fungal (Colletotrichum simmondsii and Cladosporium tenuissimum) species had a high positive correlation with volatile compounds (e.g., aldehydes, terpenes, and esters).