Red‐Emissive Carbon Dots for Fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and Thermal Theranostics in Living Mice

Advanced MaterialsVolume 27, Issue 28 p. 4169-4177 Communication Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Fluorescent, Photoacoustic, and Thermal Theranostics in Living Mice Jiechao Ge, Jiechao Ge Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQingyan Jia, Qingyan Jia Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorWeimin Liu, Weimin Liu Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiang Guo, Liang Guo Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQingyun Liu, Corresponding Author Qingyun Liu College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510 P. R. ChinaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMinhuan Lan, Minhuan Lan Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorHongyan Zhang, Hongyan Zhang Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiangmin Meng, Xiangmin Meng Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorPengfei Wang, Corresponding Author Pengfei Wang Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Jiechao Ge, Jiechao Ge Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQingyan Jia, Qingyan Jia Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. China College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorWeimin Liu, Weimin Liu Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiang Guo, Liang Guo Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQingyun Liu, Corresponding Author Qingyun Liu College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266510 P. R. ChinaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMinhuan Lan, Minhuan Lan Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorHongyan Zhang, Hongyan Zhang Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiangmin Meng, Xiangmin Meng Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorPengfei Wang, Corresponding Author Pengfei Wang Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 P. R. ChinaE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 June 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201500323Citations: 694Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract Novel red-emissive carbon-dots (C-dots) with broad absorption in the region from 400 to 750 nm are prepared from polythiophene phenylpropionic acid. Upon near infrared laser irradiation, the red-emissive C-dots show strong photoacoustic response and high photothermal conversion efficiency (η ≈ 38.5%). These unique properties enable the C-dots to act as multifunctional fluorescent, photoacoustic, and thermal theranostics for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Supporting Information As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Filename Description adma201500323-sup-0001-S1.pdf1,002.3 KB Supplementary Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. References 1a) C. Li, Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 110; b) K. Li, B. Liu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 6570. 2a) C. Tassa, S. Y. Shaw, R. Weissleder, Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 842; b) L. Jing, K. Ding, S. V. Kershaw, I. M. Kempson, A. L. Rogach, M. Gao, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6367; c) Y. Li, T. Y. Lin, Y. Luo, Q. Liu, W. Xiao, W. Guo, D. Lac, H. Zhang, C. Feng, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, J. H. Walton, S. R. Cherry, D. J. Rowland, D. Kukis, C. Pan, K. S. Lam, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4712; d) J. Kim, Y. Piao, T. Hyeon, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 372. 3a) A. Gaiduk, M. Yorulmaz, P. V. Ruijgrok, M. Orrit, Science 2010, 330, 353; b) D. A. Nedosekin, E. I. Galanzha, E. Dervishi, A. S. Biris, V. P. Zharov, Small 2014, 10, 135. 4a) L. V. Wang, S. Hu, Science 2012, 335, 1458; b) C. Kim, C. Favazza, L. V. Wang, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 2756; c) L. Nie, X. Chen, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 7132. 5a) J. K. Willmann, N. van Bruggen, L. M. Dinkelborg, S. S. Gambhir, Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2008, 7, 591; b) A. Maeda, J. Bu, J. Chen, G. Zheng, R. S. DaCosta, Mol. Imaging 2014, 13, 1. 6a) D. Razansky, M. Distel, C. Vinegoni, R. Ma, N. Perrimon, R. W. Koester, V. Ntziachristos, Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 412; b) G. S. Filonov, K. D. Piatkevich, L. M. Ting, J. Zhang, K. Kim, V. V. Verkhusha, Nat. Biotechnol. 2011, 29, 757. 7a) E. V. Shashkov, M. Everts, E. I. Galanzha, V. P. Zharov, Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3953; b) S. K. Maji, S. Sreejith, J. Joseph, M. Lin, T. He, Y. Tong, H. Sun, S. W. K. Yu, Y. Zhao, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 5633. 8a) J. F. Lovell, C. S. Jin, E. Huynh, H. Jin, C. Kim, J. L. Rubinstein, W. C. W. Chan, W. Cao, L. V. Wang, G. Zheng, Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 324; b) E. Huynh, J. F. Lovell, B. L. Helfield, M. Jeon, C. Kim, D. E. Goertz, B. C. Wilson, G. Zheng, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 16464; c) C. J. H. Ho, G. Balasundaram, W. Driessen, R. McLaren, C. L. Wong, U. S. Dinish, A. B. E. Attia, V. Ntziachristos, M. Olivo, Sci. Rep. 2014, 4, 5342. 9a) C. Kim, K. H. Song, F. Gao, L. V. Wang, Radiology 2010, 255, 442; b) K. Pu, A. J. Shuhendler, J. V. Jokerst, J. Mei, S. S. Gambhir, Z. Bao, J. Rao, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 233; c) H. Gong, Z. Dong, Y. Liu, S. Yin, L. Cheng, W. Xi, J. Xiang, K. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 6492. 10a) S. M. Janib, A. S. Moses, J. A. MacKay, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2010, 62, 1052; b) J. F. Lovell, T. W. B. Liu, J. Chen, G. Zheng, Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 2839; c) T. Lammers, S. Aime, W. E. Hennink, G. Storm, F. Kiessling, Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 1029; d) J. Chen, M. Yang, Q. Zhang, E. C. Cho, C. M. Cobley, C. Kim, C. Glaus, L. V. Wang, M. J. Welch, Y. Xia, Ad. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3684; e) E. K. Lim, T. Kim, S. Paik, S. Haam, Y. M. Huh, K. Lee, Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 327. 11a) L. Cheng, W. He, H. Gong, C. Wang, Q. Chen, Z. Cheng, Z. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 5893; b) J. Du, R. K. O'Reilly, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 2402; c) G. Song, Q. Wang, Y. Wang, G. Lv, C. Li, R. Zou, Z. Chen, Z. Qin, K. Huo, R. Hu, J. Hu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 4281; d) S. Wang, P. Huang, L. Nie, R. Xing, D. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Lin, S. Chen, G. Niu, G. Lu, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 3055; e) L. Cheng, C. Wang, L. Feng, K. Yang, Z. Liu, Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 10869; f) G. A. Sotiriou, F. Starsich, A. Dasargyri, M. C. Wurnig, F. Krumeich, A. Boss, J. C. Leroux, S. E. Pratsinis, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 2818; g) P. Vijayaraghavan, C. H. Liu, R. Vankayala, C. S. Chiang, K. C. Hwang, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6689; h) W. S. Kuo, C. N. Chang, Y. T. Chang, M. H. Yang, Y. H. Chien, S. J. Chen, C. S. Yeh, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 2771; i) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 2711; j) Z. Zha, X. Yue, Q. Ren, Z. Dai, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 777. 12a) M. P. Melancon, M. Zhou, C. Li, Acc. Chem. Res. 2011, 44, 947; b) V. Shanmugam, S. Selvakumar, C. S. Yeh, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 6254; c) X. Song, H. Gong, S. Yin, L. Cheng, C. Wang, Z. Li, Y. Li, X. Wang, G. Liu, Z. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater 2014, 24, 1194. 13a) P. Huang, J. Lin, W. Li, P. Rong, Z. Wang, S. Wang, X. Wang, X. Sun, M. Aronova, G. Niu, R. D. Leapman, Z. Nie, X. Chen, Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 14208; b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 13958; c) H. W. Yang, H. L. Liu, M. L. Li, I. W. Hsi, C. T. Fan, C. Y. Huang, Y. J. Lu, M. Y. Hua, H. Y. Chou, J. W. Liaw, C. C. M. Ma, K. C. Wei, Biomaterials 2013, 34, 5651; d) J. Hu, X. Zhu, H. Li, Z. Zhao, X. Chi, G. Huang, D. Huang, G. Liu, X. Wang, J. Gao, Theranostics 2014, 4, 534; e) P. Huang, P. Rong, J. Lin, W. Li, X. Yan, M. G. Zhang, L. Nie, G. Niu, J. Lu, W. Wang, X. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 8307; f) L. Jing, X. Liang, Z. Deng, S. Feng, X. Li, M. Huang, C. Li, Z. Dai, Biomaterials 2014, 35, 5814; g) Z. Zhang, J. Wang, X. Nie, T. Wen, Y. Ji, X. Wu, Y. Zhao, C. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 7317. 14a) K. Yang, L. Hu, X. Ma, S. Ye, L. Cheng, X. Shi, C. Li, Y. Li, Z. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 1868; b) Z. Sheng, L. Song, J. Zheng, D. Hu, M. He, M. Zheng, G. Gao, P. Gong, P. Zhang, Y. Ma, L. Cai, Biomaterials 2013, 34, 5236; c) Y. W. Wang, Y. Y. Fu, Q. Peng, S. S. Guo, G. Liu, J. Li, H. H. Yang, G. N. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. B 2013, 1, 5762; d) K. Yang, L. Feng, X. Shi, Z. Liu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 530; e) D. Chen, C. Wang, X. Nie, S. Li, R. Li, M. Guan, Z. Liu, C. Chen, C. Wang, C. Shu, L. Wan, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 6621; f) J. W. Kim, E. I. Galanzha, E. V. Shashkov, H. M. Moon, V. P. Zharov, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 688. 15a) Z. Zha, S. Zhang, Z. Deng, Y. Li, C. Li, Z. Dai, Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 3455; b) L. Cheng, H. Gong, W. Zhu, J. Liu, X. Wang, G. Liu, Z. Liu, Biomaterials 2014, 35, 9844; c) L. Cheng, J. Liu, X. Gu, H. Gong, X. Shi, T. Liu, C. Wang, X. Wang, G. Liu, H. Xing, W. Bu, B. Sun, Z. Liu, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 1886; d) P. Huang, P. Rong, A. Jin, X. Yan, M. G. Zhang, J. Lin, H. Hu, Z. Wang, X. Yue, W. Li, G. Niu, W. Zeng, W. Wang, K. Zhou, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6401; e) Y. Jin, Y. Li, X. Ma, Z. Zha, L. Shi, J. Tian, Z. Dai, Biomaterials 2014, 35, 5795; f) G. Tian, X. Zhang, X. Zheng, W. Yin, L. Ruan, X. Liu, L. Zhou, L. Yan, S. Li, Z. Gu, Y. Zhao, Small 2014, 10, 4160; g) J. Yu, C. Yang, J. Li, Y. Ding, L. Zhang, M. Z. Yousaf, J. Lin, R. Pang, L. Wei, L. Xu, F. Sheng, C. Li, G. Li, L. Zhao, Y. Hou, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 4114. 16a) S. N. Baker, G. A. Baker, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 6879; b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6726; c) H. Li, Z. Kang, Y. Liu, S. T. Lee, J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 24230; d) Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, N. Chen, L. Qu, Energy. Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 8869. 17a) X. Xu, R. Ray, Y. Gu, H. J. Ploehn, L. Gearheart, K. Raker, W. A. Scrivens, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12736; b) J. Zhou, C. Booker, R. Li, X. Zhou, T. K. Sham, X. Sun, Z. Ding, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 744; c) H. Li, X. He, Z. Kang, H. Huang, Y. Liu, J. Liu, S. Lian, C. H. A. Tsang, X. Yang, S. T. Lee, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 4532; d) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4430. 18a) L. Tang, R. Ji, X. Li, G. Bai, C. P. Liu, J. Hao, J. Lin, H. Jiang, K. S. Teng, Z. Yang, S. P. Lau, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 6312; b) R. Liu, D. Wu, S. Liu, K. Koynov, W. Knoll, Q. Li, Angew. Chem. 2009, 121, 4668; c) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 4598; d) X. Yan, X. Cui, L. S. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 5944; e) S. Zhu, Q. Meng, L. Wang, J. Zhang, Y. Song, H. Jin, K. Zhang, H. Sun, H. Wang, B. Yang, Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 4045; f) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3953. 19a) L. Cao, X. Wang, M. J. Meziani, F. Lu, H. Wang, P. G. Luo, Y. Lin, B. A. Harruff, L. M. Veca, D. Murray, S. Y. Xie, Y. P. Sun, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 11318; b) F. Wang, Z. Xie, H. Zhang, C. Y. Liu, Y. G. Zhang, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 1027; c) A. Zhu, Q. Qu, X. Shao, B. Kong, Y. Tian, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 7297; Angew Chem Int Ed. 2012, 51, 7185; d) C. Ding, A. Zhu, Y. Tian, Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 20. 20a) P. Huang, J. Lin, X. Wang, Z. Wang, C. Zhang, M. He, K. Wang, F. Chen, Z. Li, G. Shen, D. Cui, X. Chen, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 5104; b) J. Tang, B. Kong, H. Wu, M. Xu, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Zhao, G. Zheng, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 6569; c) M. Zheng, S. Liu, J. Li, D. Qu, H. Zhao, X. Guan, X. Hu, Z. Xie, X. Jing, Z. Sun, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 3554. 21a) T. N. Hoheisel, S. Schrettl, R. Szilluweit, H. Frauenrath, Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 6644; b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6496; c) S. Rondeau-Gagne, J. F. Morin, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 85. 22J. Ge, M. Lan, B. Zhou, W. Liu, L. Guo, H. Wang, Q. Jia, G. Niu, X. Huang, H. Zhou, X. Meng, P. Wang, C. S. Lee, W. Zhang, X. Han, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4596. 23M. Lan, J. Wu, W. Liu, W. Zhang, J. Ge, H. Zhang, J. Sun, W. Zhao, P. Wang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6685. 24a) Y. Dong, H. Pang, H. B. Yang, C. Guo, J. Shao, Y. Chi, C. M. Li, T. Yu, Angew. Chem. 2013, 125, 7954; b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7800. 25a) J. Liang, Y. Jiao, M. Jaroniec, S. Z. Qiao, Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 11660; b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 11496. 26S. Shen, F. Kong, X. Guo, L. Wu, H. Shen, M. Xie, X. Wang, Y. Jin, Y. Ge, Nanoscale 2013, 5, 8056. 27L. Bao, Z. L. Zhang, Z. Q. Tian, L. Zhang, C. Liu, Y. Lin, B. Qi, D. W. Pang, Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 5801. 28a) C. M. Hessel, V. P. Pattani, M. Rasch, M. G. Panthani, B. Koo, J. W. Tunnell, B. A. Korgel, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2560; b) Q. Tian, F. Jiang, R. Zou, Q. Liu, Z. Chen, M. Zhu, S. Yang, J. Wang, J. Wang, J. Hu, ACS Nano 2011, 5, 9761; c) Y. Liu, K. Ai, J. Liu, M. Deng, Y. He, L. Lu, Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 1353. 29H. Gong, Z. Dong, Y. Liu, S. Yin, L. Cheng, W. Xi, J. Xiang, K. Liu, Y. Li, Z. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 6492. 30a) M. Nurunnabi, Z. Khatun, K. M. Huh, S. Y. Park, D. Y. Lee, K. J. Cho, Y. K. Lee, ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6858; b) J. H. Park, L. Gu, G. Maltzahn, E. Ruoslahti, S. N. Bhatia, M. J. Sailor, Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 331. 31a) H. Maeda, J. Wu, T. Sawa, Y. Matsumura, K. Hori, J. Controlled Release 2000, 65, 271; b) H. Kobayashi, R. Watanabe, P. L. Choyke, Theranostics 2013, 4, 81. 32a) X. Huang, F. Zhang, L. Zhu, K. Y. Choi, N. Guo, J. Guo, K. Tackett, P. Anilkumar, G. Liu, Q. Quan, H. S. Choi, G. Niu, Y. P. Sun, S. Lee, X. Chen, ACS Nano 2013, 7, 5684; b) Y. Chong, Y. Ma, H. Shen, X. Tu, X. Zhou, J. Xu, J. Dai, S. Fan, Z. Zhang, Biomaterials 2014, 35, 5041. Citing Literature Volume27, Issue28July 22, 2015Pages 4169-4177 ReferencesRelatedInformation