5-Fluorouracil Induces an Acute Reduction in Neurogenesis and Persistent Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of the Neuropsychological Complications of Chemotherapy

神经炎症 双皮质醇 医学 神经发生 小胶质细胞 内科学 奥沙利铂 病理 齿状回 海马体 炎症 神经科学 心理学 癌症 结直肠癌
作者
Courtney B. Subramaniam,Hannah R. Wardill,Maya R. Davies,Vivien Heng,Marc A. Gladman,Joanne M. Bowen
出处
期刊:Molecular Neurobiology [Springer Science+Business Media]
卷期号:60 (3): 1408-1424 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1007/s12035-022-03136-3
摘要

The neuropsychological symptoms associated with chemotherapy treatment remain a major challenge with their prevention hampered by insufficient understanding of pathophysiology. While long-term neuroimmune changes have been identified as a hallmark feature shared by neurological symptoms, the exact timeline of mechanistic events preceding neuroinflammation, and the relationship between the glial cells driving this neuroinflammatory response, remain unclear. We therefore aimed to longitudinally characterize the neuroimmunological changes following systemic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment to gain insight into the timeline of events preceding the well-documented chronic neuroinflammation seen following chemotherapy. Eighteen female C57Bl/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal dose of 5-FU and groups were killed at days 1 and 2 (acute timepoint), days 4 and 8 (subacute timepoint), and days 16 and 32 (chronic timepoint). A further six mice were administered with vehicle control with tissues collected from three mice on day 1 and day 32 of the study. The expression of key genes of interest, BCL2, BDNF, TIMP1, MMP-9, MMP-2, TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6R were assessed using real time polymerase chain reaction. Levels of neurogenesis were determined through immunofluorescent staining of doublecortin (DCX). The density of microglia and astrocytes were assessed using immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 and GFAP respectively. 5-FU treatment caused significant decreases to DCX staining at acute timepoints (p = 0.0030) which was positively correlated with BCL2 expression levels. An increase to microglial density was observed in the prefrontal cortex (p = 0.0256), CA3 region (p = 0.0283), and dentate gyrus (p = 0.0052) of the hippocampus at acute timepoints. 5-FU caused increases to astrocyte density, across multiple brains regions, at subacute and chronic timepoints which were positively correlated with TNFα, TIMP-1, MMP-2, and IL-6R expression. This study has identified acute objective neuroinflammatory changes suggesting that the role of early intervention should be explored to prevent the development of neuropsychological deficits in the longer-term following chemotherapy.
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