正视
检影
折射误差
屈光度
睫状肌麻痹
玻璃体腔
医学
眼科
环孢素
延伸率
协议限制
验光服务
光学
眼病
材料科学
视力
物理
核医学
极限抗拉强度
冶金
作者
Donald O. Mutti,Loraine T. Sinnott,Karla Zadnik
标识
DOI:10.1097/opx.0000000000001970
摘要
ABSTRACT SIGNIFICANCE The ratios of diopters of change in refractive error produced per millimeter of eye elongation (D/mm) are rarely those predicted from geometric optics because of changes in other ocular components. Quantifying this optical compensation in millimeters instead of ratios reveals some important principles about eye growth and refractive error. PURPOSE The study purpose was to sort total vitreous chamber elongation into millimeters that either contributed (uncompensated) or did not contribute to change in refractive error (compensated). METHODS Participants were infants in the Berkeley Infant Biometry Study (n = 271, ages 3 months to 6 years) or schoolchildren in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (n = 456 emmetropes and 522 myopes, ages 6 to 14 years). Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic retinoscopy in infants (cyclopentolate 1%) and cycloplegic autorefraction in schoolchildren (tropicamide 1% or combined with cyclopentolate 1%). Axial dimensions were assessed using A-scan ultrasonography. Uncompensated millimeters were estimated from ratios of change in refractive error per millimeter of elongation using Gullstrand eye models. Compensated millimeters were the difference between measured elongation and uncompensated millimeters. RESULTS Compensated millimeters exceeded uncompensated millimeters in emmetropic children across ages, but uncompensated millimeters exceeded compensated millimeters in myopic children. Compensated millimeters were highest in infancy and decreased with age, reaching less than 0.10 mm per year by age 10 years in both myopic and emmetropic children. There were no statistically significant differences in compensated millimeters between myopic and emmetropic children between ages 8 and 14 years ( P values from .17 to .73). CONCLUSIONS The ability of the ocular components, primarily crystalline lens, to compensate for vitreous elongation is independent of the higher demands of myopic eye growth. The limited compensation after age 10 years suggests the target for elongation in myopia control needed to arrest myopia progression may be that seen in emmetropes or less.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI