Compensation for Vitreous Chamber Elongation in Infancy and Childhood

正视 检影 折射误差 屈光度 睫状肌麻痹 玻璃体腔 医学 眼科 环孢素 延伸率 协议限制 验光服务 光学 眼病 材料科学 视力 物理 核医学 极限抗拉强度 冶金
作者
Donald O. Mutti,Loraine T. Sinnott,Karla Zadnik
出处
期刊:Optometry and Vision Science [Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
卷期号:100 (1): 43-51 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1097/opx.0000000000001970
摘要

ABSTRACT SIGNIFICANCE The ratios of diopters of change in refractive error produced per millimeter of eye elongation (D/mm) are rarely those predicted from geometric optics because of changes in other ocular components. Quantifying this optical compensation in millimeters instead of ratios reveals some important principles about eye growth and refractive error. PURPOSE The study purpose was to sort total vitreous chamber elongation into millimeters that either contributed (uncompensated) or did not contribute to change in refractive error (compensated). METHODS Participants were infants in the Berkeley Infant Biometry Study (n = 271, ages 3 months to 6 years) or schoolchildren in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (n = 456 emmetropes and 522 myopes, ages 6 to 14 years). Refractive error was measured using cycloplegic retinoscopy in infants (cyclopentolate 1%) and cycloplegic autorefraction in schoolchildren (tropicamide 1% or combined with cyclopentolate 1%). Axial dimensions were assessed using A-scan ultrasonography. Uncompensated millimeters were estimated from ratios of change in refractive error per millimeter of elongation using Gullstrand eye models. Compensated millimeters were the difference between measured elongation and uncompensated millimeters. RESULTS Compensated millimeters exceeded uncompensated millimeters in emmetropic children across ages, but uncompensated millimeters exceeded compensated millimeters in myopic children. Compensated millimeters were highest in infancy and decreased with age, reaching less than 0.10 mm per year by age 10 years in both myopic and emmetropic children. There were no statistically significant differences in compensated millimeters between myopic and emmetropic children between ages 8 and 14 years ( P values from .17 to .73). CONCLUSIONS The ability of the ocular components, primarily crystalline lens, to compensate for vitreous elongation is independent of the higher demands of myopic eye growth. The limited compensation after age 10 years suggests the target for elongation in myopia control needed to arrest myopia progression may be that seen in emmetropes or less.
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