Influence of the composite interface on the mechanical properties of semi-flexible pavement materials

Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) materials, composed of porous asphalt mixture (PAM) and cement-based grouting material, are multiphase composites commonly used in roadway construction. However, damage frequently occurs at the composite interface of two-phase materials, and most SFP research has focused on the design of grouting material, with insufficient attention given to the composite interface. This paper aims to investigate the effect of bonding properties between organic PAM and inorganic grout on the mechanical properties of SFP. To investigate the different bonding properties of the SFP asphalt-grout interface, a simple method was employed, in which PAM specimens were immersed in a silane coupling agent solution to form a layer of coupling agent on the PAM surface. A series of SFP specimens were created using PAM with a porosity of 28–30%, and different strength grouting materials (40 MPa, 60 MPa, 70 MPa), and three laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate their mechanical properties. The results demonstrated that the interfacial bonding strength between asphalt and grouting material significantly influences the low-temperature splitting tensile strength, uniaxial penetration strength and uniaxial compression strength of SFP. Compared to specimens formed from high-strength grouting materials, SFP specimens immersed in a silane coupling agent solution exhibited superior low-temperature splitting tensile strength (2.06 MPa > 1.97 MPa, 2.63 MPa > 2.34 MPa) and shear strength (7.28 MPa > 6.46 MPa, 7.97 MPa > 7.26 MPa). As a result, this study highlights the importance of considering the bonding properties of the asphalt-grout interface in the design and preparation of SFP. The results of this study can be useful for enhancing the performance and durability of SFP materials in a more economically efficient way.