Characterization and quality evaluation of QiXueShuFu Decoction based on fingerprint and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry

QiXueShuFu Decoction (QXSFD) modified from the Bazhen Decoction which was originally from the classic Ming Dynasty is a traditional folk formula that boosts the body's immune system. However, its ambiguous chemical components limited its quality control evaluation. In this study, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint combined with multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the quality of 15 batches of QXSFD, and UPLC quadrupole‐orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to further examine the chemical components in QXSFD, after which representative compounds from each disassembled prescription were selected for comparison. Fifteen batches of samples had 33 common peaks in which 11 differential components could be used as a reference for subsequent quality control. One hundred forty‐three components were identified from QXSFD. Saponins were mainly derived from the monarch, terpenes from the minister, and polysaccharides and glycosides from the assistant. In addition, quantitative assay revealed that the content of ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside and 3,6′‐disinapoyl sucrose in the whole prescription were higher than the contents of each disassembled prescription. This is the first comprehensive quality report on the chemical components of QXSFD, which is important for pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control.