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Associations among early life adversity, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in adolescent females and males: a longitudinal investigation

心理学 调解 联想(心理学) 纵向研究 抑郁症状 发展心理学 临床心理学 年轻人 萧条(经济学) 伤害预防 睡眠(系统调用) 毒物控制 精神科 焦虑 医学 政治学 环境卫生 法学 心理治疗师 宏观经济学 经济 计算机科学 病理 操作系统
作者
Jessica P. Uy,Ian H. Gotlib
出处
期刊:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry [Wiley]
卷期号:65 (8): 1037-1046 被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1111/jcpp.13942
摘要

Background Exposure to adversity early in life (ELA) has been associated with elevated risk for depression during adolescence, particularly for females; the mechanisms underlying this association, however, are poorly understood. One potential mechanism linking ELA and sex differences in depressive symptoms is sleep disturbances, which increase during adolescence and are more common in females. Here, we examined whether sleep disturbances mediate the association between ELA and increases in depressive symptoms during adolescence and whether this mediation differs by sex. Methods 224 ( N = 132 females) youth were recruited at age 9–13 years and assessed every 2 years across three timepoints. At the first timepoint, we conducted extensive interviews about stressful events participants experienced; participants provided subjective severity ratings of events and we objectively scored the severity of each event. Self‐reported sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms were assessed at all timepoints. We conducted linear mixed models to estimate both initial levels and changes in sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms, and moderated mediation analyses to test whether initial levels and/or changes in sleep disturbances mediated the association of ELA (objective and subjective) with increases in depressive symptoms across adolescence and whether the mediations differed by sex. Results While higher initial levels and increases in sleep problems were uniquely associated with increases in depressive symptoms for males and females, they were related to ELA differently by sex. For females, greater ELA (both objectively and subjectively rated) was associated with higher initial levels of sleep problems, which in turn were associated with increases in depressive symptoms from early to late adolescence. In contrast, for males, ELA exposure was not associated with either initial levels of, or increases in, sleep problems. Conclusions These findings highlight the role of sleep disturbances during the transition to adolescence in mediating sex differences in the effects of ELA on depressive symptoms.
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