Nitrogen doped biomass derived carbon and BiVO4 composite for simultaneous detection of furazolidone and chloramphenicol

An efficient electrochemical sensor based on nitrogen functionalized biochar (N-BC) and BiVO4 hybrid nanocomposites was prepared, and used for simultaneous detection of furazolidone (FZD) and chloramphenicol (CAP) with highly sensitive and selective in food sample. The N-BC was obtained by acid activation method which using biomass waste (rice halls) as the raw and processed material and urea as the nitrogen source, which was further mixed with BiVO4 to synthesized N-BC/BiVO4 composite. The surface morphology and structured properties were characterized by Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Nitrogen (N2) adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance studies of N-BC/BiVO4 film on GCE showed that electron transfer rate in [Fe (CN)6]3−/4− solution was rapider than bare GCE, N-BC/GCE and BiVO4/GCE. The sensor was successfully used for the detection of FZD and CAP with wide linear ranges of 0.1–1600 μM for FZD and 0.1–3200 μM for CAP, low limit of detection of 0.053 μM for FZD and 0.087 μM for CAP (S/N = 3), respectively. In addition, the proposed sensor has shown good anti-interference ability, reproducibility and stability, and obtained satisfactory results for respective or simultaneous detection of FZD and CAP in milk sample.