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Magnetic biochar-supported layered double hydroxide for simultaneous remediation of As and Cd in soil: Effectiveness, retention durability, and insight into a new immobilization mechanism

环境修复 修正案 生物炭 氢氧化物 浸出(土壤学) 化学 X射线光电子能谱 耐久性 化学工程 环境化学 土壤水分 核化学 污染 材料科学 无机化学 热解 土壤科学 环境科学 有机化学 生态学 政治学 法学 复合材料 生物 工程类
作者
Peng Lyu,Lianfang Li,Jinli Huang,Jing Ye,Changxiong Zhu
出处
期刊:Journal of Cleaner Production [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:434: 140136-140136 被引量:15
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140136
摘要

Immobilization/stabilization is a common technique for remediating As and Cd-contaminated soil. However, the effectiveness of employed stabilizer plays a crucial role in determining the fate of these contaminants. This study investigated the effectiveness and durability of a magnetic biochar-supported Ca–Mg–Al layered double hydroxide composite (FLBC) and its components in simultaneous remediation of As and Cd in Phaeozem (BS) and Krasnozem soils (RS). Results demonstrated that 5 wt% FLBC amendment immobilized >85% of As and Cd and converted them into immobile fractions even in a reduction environment. Moreover, FLBC treatment effectively resisted leaching of As and Cd by > 70% under acidic rainwater filtration, thus displaying excellent retention durability. The new immobilization mechanisms were proved using transmission electron microscope technology, where layered double hydroxide (LDH) acted as a nano-bridge to bind FLBC and soil colloids ensuring FLBC stability and synergistic immobilization. During this process, X-ray photoelectron analysis demonstrated the re-oxidation of As(III) to As(V) driven by ferric reduction that resulted in the formation of multiple stable species on the soil surface via the confirmation of X-ray absorption near fine structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure. This species included Ca/Fe/Cd–As(V) and γ-Cd(OH)2 co-precipitation, as well as As(V)–O–Fe(III)/Ca and As–Fe tridentate-hexanuclear corner-sharing complexes. Furthermore, FLBC amendment favored the immobilization of As and Cd in RS soil compared to BS soil due to a weaker reduction potential and an increased participation of metal-(hydr)oxides for As and Cd complexation. This study provides valuable references for predicting the impact of LDH-coupled magnetic biochar technology on the fate of As and Cd in actual soil environments.
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