佐剂
疫苗佐剂
免疫
医学
免疫学
免疫
免疫系统
dna疫苗
人类使用
接种疫苗
生物
生物技术
作者
Shailendra Kumar Verma,Pooja Mahajan,Nikhlesh K. Singh,Ankit Gupta,Rupesh Aggarwal,Rino Rappuoli,Atul Kumar Johri
标识
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043109
摘要
In the present scenario, immunization is of utmost importance as it keeps us safe and protects us from infectious agents. Despite the great success in the field of vaccinology, there is a need to not only develop safe and ideal vaccines to fight deadly infections but also improve the quality of existing vaccines in terms of partial or inconsistent protection. Generally, subunit vaccines are known to be safe in nature, but they are mostly found to be incapable of generating the optimum immune response. Hence, there is a great possibility of improving the potential of a vaccine in formulation with novel adjuvants, which can effectively impart superior immunity. The vaccine(s) in formulation with novel adjuvants may also be helpful in fighting pathogens of high antigenic diversity. However, due to the limitations of safety and toxicity, very few human-compatible adjuvants have been approved. In this review, we mainly focus on the need for new and improved vaccines; the definition of and the need for adjuvants; the characteristics and mechanisms of human-compatible adjuvants; the current status of vaccine adjuvants, mucosal vaccine adjuvants, and adjuvants in clinical development; and future directions.
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