Integration and optimization of methanol-reforming proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for distributed generation with combined cooling, heating and power

热电联产 质子交换膜燃料电池 蒸汽重整 热交换器 余热 工艺工程 水冷 废物管理 堆栈(抽象数据类型) 分布式发电 发电 工程类 核工程 机械工程 化学 功率(物理) 制氢 可再生能源 热力学 电气工程 化学工程 计算机科学 燃料电池 物理 有机化学 程序设计语言
作者
Zheng Liang,Yingzong Liang,Xianglong Luo,Hua Sheng Wang,Wei Wu,Jianyong Chen,Ying Chen
出处
期刊:Journal of Cleaner Production [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:411: 137342-137342 被引量:19
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137342
摘要

The methanol-steam-reforming proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is an attractive option for distributed cogeneration due to its low emissions, quiet operation, and low-cost fuel storage. To further increase its energy efficiency, waste heat can be utilized for combined cooling, heating, and power generation. However, the additional equipment, processes, and streams required for cogeneration make the system design complex, with a large number of degrees of freedom. To address this challenge, we propose an equation-based optimization framework for the simultaneous heat integration and flowsheet optimization of the combined cooling, heating, and power system based on the methanol-steam-reforming proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The framework comprises a detailed modelling of methanol steam reforming reaction, fuel cell performance, cooling/heating cogeneration systems, heat integration, heat exchanger network synthesis and energetic-economic performance evaluation. Additionally, the framework incorporates the sizing of the corresponding equipment, including the total length of the reformer, scale of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, and absorption cooling apparatus. Furthermore, it takes into account the operating conditions, such as the temperature and pressure of methanol steam reforming reaction, the operating temperatures and pressures of the fuel cell stack and absorption cooling system. We apply the framework to a 1000 kWe combined cooling, heating, and power generation system, and the integrated design achieved an energy efficiency of 88.50% and a levelized cost of electricity of 0.2374 $/kWh. The results show that the simultaneous heat integration and flowsheet optimization can increase the system's energy efficiency by 5.45 percentage points, exergy efficiency by 2.22 percentage points, and decrease the levelized cost of electricity by 4.50% compared to a conventional design.
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