A static magnetic field improves bone quality and balances the function of bone cells with regulation on iron metabolism and redox status in type 1 diabetes

Abstract Osteoporosis is one of the chronic complications of type 1 diabetes with high risk of fracture. The prevention of diabetic osteoporosis is of particular importance. Static magnetic fields (SMFs) exhibit advantages on improvement of diabetic complications. The biological effects and mechanism of SMFs on bone health of type 1 diabetic mice and functions of bone cells under high glucose have not been clearly clarified. In animal experiment, six‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were induced to type 1 diabetes and exposed to SMF of 0.4–0.7 T for 4 h/day lasting for 6 weeks. Bone mass, biomechanical strength, microarchitecture and metabolism were determined by DXA, three‐point bending assay, micro‐CT, histochemical and biochemical methods. Exposure to SMF increased BMD and BMC of femur, improved biomechanical strength with higher ultimate stress, stiffness and elastic modulus, and ameliorated the impaired bone microarchitecture in type 1 diabetic mice by decreasing Tb.Pf, Ct.Po and increasing Ct.Th. SMF enhanced bone turnover by increasing the level of markers for bone formation (OCN and Collagen I) as well as bone resorption (CTSK and NFAT2). In cellular experiment, MC3T3‐E1 cells or primary osteoblasts and RAW264.7 cells were cultured in 25 mM high glucose‐stimulated diabetic marrow microenvironment under differentiation induction and exposed to SMF. SMF promoted osteogenesis with higher ALP level and mineralization deposition in osteoblasts, and it also enhanced osteoclastogenesis with higher TRAP activity and bone resorption in osteoclasts under high glucose condition. Further, SMF increased iron content with higher FTH1 expression and regulated the redox level through activating HO‐1/Nrf2 in tibial tissues, and lowered hepatic iron accumulation by BMP6‐mediated regulation of hepcidin and lipid peroxidation in mice with type 1 diabetes. Thus, SMF may act as a potential therapy for improving bone health in type 1 diabetes with regulation on iron homeostasis metabolism and redox status.