A review on finite element modelling and experimental analysis of crashworthiness design of automotive body

Crash analysis is the primary test conducted to verify crashworthiness and resolve safety concerns in a vehicle. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is used to model vehicle components, define all of the coordinate values and geometrical details. The CAD data is then transferred to Finite Element Modelling (FEM) software in order to process and solve. It is followed by the creation and interpretation of results corresponding to energy, accelerations, displacements with various loads and boundary conditions that may be encountered in various accidental scenarios which includes frontal, rear, and side impacts. Based on the literature survey, it is found that vehicle crashworthiness can be analysed by experimental and numerical approaches. FEM for modelling and for simulations and analysis, LS-DYNA software is widely used. The frontal impact test is commonly used and plays an important role in estimating the extent of safety the vehicle can provide to the occupants and pedestrians.