Clutter Suppression, Time-Frequency Synchronization, and Sensing Parameter Association in Asynchronous Perceptive Vehicular Networks

Significant challenges remain for realizing precise positioning and velocity estimation in practical perceptive vehicular networks (PVN) that rely on the emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology.Firstly, complicated wireless propagation environment generates undesired clutter, which degrades the vehicular sensing performance and increases the computational complexity.Secondly, in practical PVN, multiple types of parameters individually estimated are not well associated with specific vehicles, which may cause error propagation in multiple-vehicle positioning.Thirdly, radio transceivers in a PVN are naturally asynchronous, which causes strong range and velocity ambiguity in vehicular sensing.To overcome these challenges, in this paper 1) we introduce a moving target indication (MTI) based joint clutter suppression and sensing algorithm, and analyze its clutter-suppression performance and the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the paired range-velocity estimation upon using the proposed clutter suppression algorithm; 2) we design an algorithm (and its low-complexity versions) for associating individual direction-ofarrival (DOA) estimates with the paired range-velocity estimates based on "domain transformation"; 3) we propose the first viable carrier frequency offset (CFO) and time offset (TO) estimation algorithm that supports passive vehicular sensing in non-lineof-sight (NLOS) environments.This algorithm treats the delay-Doppler spectrum of the signals reflected by static objects as an environment-specific "fingerprint spectrum", which is shown to exhibit a circular shift property upon changing the CFO and/or TO.Then, the CFO and TO are efficiently estimated by acquiring the number of circular shifts, and we also analyse the mean squared error (MSE) performance of the proposed time-