A Novel Hierarchically Lightweight Porous Carbon Derived from Egg White for Strong Microwave Absorption

Egg custard is a common dish on the dining table and exhibits a uniform porous structure after freeze-drying. The protein within egg custard is a rich source of carbon and nitrogen, and the custard’s unique microstructure and adjustable electrical properties make it a potential porous carbon precursor. Herein, nitrogen in situ doped porous carbons (NPCs) and potassium-carbonate-modified NPCs (PNPCs) are obtained through a simple gelation and carbonization process using egg white as the raw material. The unique morphologies of the porous carbon are inherited from the protein and include fibrous clusters, honeycomb holes, and a grooved skeleton. Their excellent impedance matching and effective internal loss make the obtained porous carbons good candidates for lightweight electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers without the need to dope with metal elements. As a representative porous carbon, PNPC10-700 has multiple structures, including fibrous clusters, honeycomb holes, and a porous skeleton. Moreover, it achieves a maximum reflection loss value of −66.15 dB (with a thickness of 3.77 mm) and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.82 GHz (from 12.18 to 18.00 GHz, with a thickness of 2.5 mm), which surpasses the reported values in most of the literature. Thus, gelation combined with the further carbonization of egg white (protein) is a new method for designing the morphology and EM properties of porous carbon absorbers.