生物
精子
先天免疫系统
精子
免疫系统
电容
生殖免疫学
抗菌肽
免疫学
卵母细胞
细胞生物学
抗菌剂
遗传学
卵子发生
微生物学
胚胎
作者
Vipul Batra,A. Kumaresan,Rakesh Kumar,Tirtha Kumar Datta
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-981-19-0116-4_15
摘要
The mammalian spermatozoon is a consequence of extensive and intricate biochemical, physiological, and morphological cellular differentiation events which take place in the testes during a spermatozoon’s development. However, the testicular still requires distinct post-gonadal modification events in the various sperm surface biomolecules to become competent to fertilize the oocyte. The chronological interactions of the sperm occurring sequentially with the surrounding medium of the three distinct epididymal regions are believed to conclude the final steps of spermatogenesis. A number of secretagogues, e.g., the highly glycosylated and negatively charged, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, β-defensins (BDs), are applied onto sperm surface which assist the spermatozoa in survival during its tortuous journey in the female reproductive tract (FRT) and are added on spermatozoa surface. Hitherto thought of as effectors of the innate immune system, recent research has revealed multiple and potentially epistatic roles of these proteins which possess the widest taxonomical distribution. Their role in reproduction especially in male fertility has gained considerable attention in the last two decades. The BDs have crucial roles to play in sperm cervical mucus penetration, capacitation, and zona-recognition. Furthermore, these multifunctional molecules “cross talk” with the adaptive immune system and can modulate the host’s immune-competent cell responses, e.g., those mounted against the spermatozoa in the FRT. Overall, these AMPs constitute an important, nonspecific component of the innate immunity in animals and humans with potential reproductive immunobiological roles in multiple mammalian species including the ruminants.
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