Bioactive materials

Bioactive materials, including bioactive glasses, bioactive glass-ceramics, bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics and bioactive composites and coatings, bond to living tissues. The implant-tissue interfacial reactions and bonding mechanisms of the different bioactive materials are summarized. There are two types of bioactivities, osteoproductive bioactivity and osteoconductive bioactivity, due to different rates and mechanisms of implant-tissue interactions. To optimize the biochemical compatibility and biomechanical compatibility of the materials, two directions are proposed: (1) structural tailoring of bioactive composites and coatings and (2) molecular tailoring of surface chemistry.