The Democratic Impact of International Organizations

Perovskite-type BaCeO3 has been investigated to study the effects of preparation method and cation doping on the particle size and sintering in the fabrication of dense perovskite membranes. A variety of preparation methods including solid-state reactions, coprecipitation, microemulsion, and molten salt reactions have been studied. In coprecipitation and microemulsion preparations, perovskites were formed at significantly lower temperatures than that required in a solid-state preparation. The pH of the reactant solutions has been found to greatly affect the particle size and agglomeration of BaCeO3 perovskites. Smallest perovskite particles with sizes of 40–60 nm were obtained by the microemulsion preparation with minimal agglomeration. Transition metal dopants such as neodymium and manganese cations were doped into BaCeO3 and their effects on the particle size and agglomeration of perovskite particles investigated. Both small particle size and cation doping significantly helped the sintering of perovskites.