Promotion- and Prevention-Focused Job Crafting: A Theoretical Extension and Meta- Analytical Test

We refine and extend the job demands-resources job crafting model with reasoning from regulatory focus theory to account for theoretical and empirical inconsistencies in relationships between the crafting of challenging and hindering job demands with employee motivation, health, and work outcomes. We tested our refined and extended job demands-resources job crafting model using meta- analytic structural equation modeling. First, we differentiated promotion-focused job crafting (i.e., job crafting through increasing job resources and challenging job demands) from prevention-focused job crafting (i.e., job crafting through decreasing hindering job demands). Second, we showed that promotion-focused job crafting consistently facilitates employee motivation, health, and work outcomes, whereas prevention-focused job crafting hampers employee motivation, health, and work outcomes. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.