Formate dehydrogenase for CO2 utilization and its application

Carbon dioxide, CO2 reduction and utilization for organic compounds synthesis are the potential technologies in environmental science and technology. In order to establish efficient CO2 utilization technologies, an effective catalyst for CO2 reduction and utilization is necessary. Among various catalysts, the biocatalyst is one of promising catalysts because it has excellent selectivity for the reaction and substrate. In this review, focusing on biocatalyst "formate dehydrogenase FDH" catalyzing CO2 reduction to formic acid, representative examples of properties, types, structure of active-site of FDH and, reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation and CO2 reduction with FDH are outlined. A genetic engineering modified FDH and FDH immobilized various support for improving CO2 reduction catalytic activity also are introduced. Moreover, chemical and electrochemical system of CO2 reduction to formic acid with FDH, aqueous homogenous system of visible-light driven CO2 reduction to formic acid with FDH and device for visible-light driven CO2 reduction to formic acid with FDH are also introduced as an application of FDH.