Controlled Release Pesticides as a Route to Sustainable Crop Production

Pesticides are substances which prevent the growth of unwanted organisms. They are formulated in the form of powders, aqueous solutions, aerosols or spray formulations. But these have shown varying degrees of health hazards and environmental problems when used in excess. Controlled release of pesticide can be developed as a method to reduce the pesticide overuse. Controlled release of pesticides helps in reducing the pesticide concentrations and prolonging the half-life of pesticides. Controlled release formulations contain pesticides or their active ingredients incorporated into a polymer matrix by chemical or physical methods. The compound is released either by cleavage of chemical bond or by physical degeneration of the polymer matrix. Microencapsulation, microcapsules and hydrogels polymers are extensively used for controlled release. Biodegradable microbial polyesters like poly hydroxyl alkanoates are also used as a carrier for pesticides. This technology provides a viable alternative to pesticide overdose by improving the efficiency of already existing pesticides and thereby reducing the environmental problems. This application has a major role in maintaining the sustainability of agricultural practices.