Natural Products from Mediterranean Diet: From Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents to Dietary Epigenetic Modulators

高脂血症 血脂异常 医学 地中海饮食法 疾病 表观遗传学 随机对照试验 生物信息学 生物 内科学 内分泌学 基因 糖尿病 生物化学
作者
Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou,Sygkouna Athina,Wim Vanden Berghe,Kontogiorgis Christos,Constantinides Theodoros
出处
期刊:Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology [Bentham Science]
卷期号:20 (10): 825-844 被引量:14
标识
DOI:10.2174/1573407215666190628150921
摘要

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are, currently, the major contributor to global mortality and will continue to dominate mortality rates in the future. Hyperlipidemia refers to the elevated levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood, and is also identified as dyslipidemia, manifesting in the form of different disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. These abnormalities may lead to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to coronary artery disease and stroke. In recent years, there is a growing interest in the quest for alternative therapeutic treatments based on natural products, offering better recovery and the avoidance of side effects. Recent technological advances have further improved our understanding of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in hyperlipidemic disorders and dietary prevention strategies.This is a comprehensive overview of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of plant extracts, vegetables, fruits and isolated compounds thereof, with a focus on natural products from the Mediterranean region as well as the possible epigenetic changes in gene expression or cardiometabolic signaling pathways.For the purpose of this study, we searched the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for eligible articles and publications over the last five years. The keywords included: "hyperlipidemia", "plant extract", "herbs", "natural products", "vegetables", "cholesterol" and others. We initially included all relevant articles referring to in vitro studies, animal studies, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and previous reviews.Many natural products found in the Mediterranean diet have been studied for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The antihyperlipidemic effect seems to be dose and/or consumption frequency related, which highlights the fact that a healthy diet can only be effective in reversing disease markers if it is consistent and within the framework of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, epigenetic biomarkers are increasingly recognized as new lifestyle management tools to monitor a healthy dietary lifestyle for the prevention of hyperlipidaemic disorders and comorbidities to promote a healthy life.
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