Optimized strain with small hysteresis and high energy-storage density in Mn-doped NBT-ST system

Abstract In this paper, optimized strain obtained at low electric field and accompanied with small hysteresis was achieved simultaneously by inducing defect dipoles into 0.7NBT-0.3ST (NBST) system. Narrow S-E curves with none Srem and large strains of 0.29% and 0.32% with small hysteresis of 24% and 28% were realized at 60 kV/cm in 1 and 5 mol.‰ Mn-doped NBST caramics, respectively. High electrostriction coefficient of 0.0215 and 0.021 m4C2 with pure electrostrictive characteristics and large strain can also be obtained in Mn-doped NBST ceramics. Meanwhile, the electric breakdown field (BDS) of NBST ceramics has been significantly improved after doping with MnO, and large recoverable energy density of 0.93 and 0.97 J/cm3 with a relatively high energy-storage efficiency were obtained accordingly. The findings may pave a way for further optimizing strains, electrostrictive effects and energy-storage properties through the proper selection of base composition and effective chemical modifier.