Electrochemical sensors for Tetracycline antibiotics detection based on carbon electrode materials modified by biological and chemical compounds: A review

The environmental pollution caused by organic molecules as Tetracyclines and Oxytetracyclines presents a foremost concern, as high levels of these antibiotics when released into the ecosystem are accumulated and are producing overall contamination. Consequently, the need for selective, sensitive, fast, easy to handle, and low-cost early monitoring detection systems is growing. Electrochemical sensors based on modified carbon electrodes involve relevant materials for antibiotics' detection, which allows the early controlling of the spread of these antibiotics into the environment, thus, safeguarding human health against possible contamination. The present review paper has aimed to illustrate examples of newly developed electrochemical bio(chemo)sensors with their real application fields for the sensitive detection of Tetracycline as well as Oxytetracycline in various matrices. Future forecast for the utilisation of these sensors is also discussed.