蒸发器
材料科学
蒸发
化学工程
聚合
肿胀 的
蒸馏水
复合材料
化学
热力学
聚合物
热交换器
色谱法
物理
工程类
作者
Yunzheng Liang,Y. Bai,An‐Quan Xie,Jian Mao,Liangliang Zhu,Su Chen
出处
期刊:Solar RRL
[Wiley]
日期:2021-12-09
卷期号:6 (2)
被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1002/solr.202100917
摘要
Hydrogel‐based photothermal materials for enhanced solar water evaporation have drawn increasing attention due to their unique hierarchical nanostructure, reduced latent heat, and high evaporation rate. However, the laborious preparation process and high energy consumption restrict the on‐site applicability and immediacy, seriously obstructing practical application of hydrogel evaporators. Herein, a low‐cost hydrogel evaporator ($1.85 m −2 ) with high swelling ratio (≈2445%) prepared via solar‐initiated frontal polymerization (FP) is demonstrated. Solar‐initiated FP based on solar thermal technology not only realizes the field rapid hydrogel polymerization without extra energy input and complicated equipment, but also achieves the homogeneous interconnected macroporous structure to enhance water uptake (≈70 times evaporator weight) and light absorption (≈1% transmittance and ≈2% reflectance). Due to the lower vaporization enthalpy, the evaporator presented an evaporation rate of 2.42 kg m −2 h −1 with a light‐to‐vapor efficiency of ≈92.8% under 1 sun. More importantly, the high swelling ratio imparts the hydrogel evaporator with 2700% and 900% expansion in volume and surface area, resulting in a dramatically promoted solar evaporation rate compared with non‐swelling photothermic materials. This feasible approach realizes the all‐process solar thermal utilization, from material synthesis to final application, which would be significant for sustainable freshwater production in remote/off‐grid areas.
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