Cost-effectiveness of Early Surgery Versus Endoscopy-first Approach for Painful Chronic Pancreatitis in the ESCAPE Trial

Objective: Economic evaluation of early surgery compared to the endoscopy-first approach in CP. Background: In patients with painful CP and a dilated main pancreatic duct, early surgery, as compared with an endoscopy-first approach, leads to more pain reduction with fewer interventions. However, it is unknown if early surgery is more cost-effective than the endoscopy-first approach. Methods: The multicenter Dutch ESCAPE trial randomized patients with CP and a dilated main pancreatic duct between early surgery (surgery within 6 weeks) or the endoscopy-first approach in 30 centers (April 2011–September 2016). Healthcare utilization was prospectively recorded up to 18 months after randomization. Unit costs of resources were determined, and cost-effectiveness and cost–utility analyses were performed from societal and healthcare perspectives. Primary outcomes were the costs per unit decrease on the Izbicki pain score and per gained quality-adjusted life-year. Results: In total, 88 patients were included in the analysis, with 44 patients randomized to each group. Total costs were lower in the early surgery group but did not reach statistical significance (mean difference €−4,815 (95% bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval €−13,113 to €3411; P = 0.25). Early surgery had a probability percentage of 88.4% of being more cost-effective than the endoscopy-first approach at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €0 per day per unit decrease on the Izbicki pain score. The probability percentage per additional gained quality-adjusted life-year was 75.7% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000. Conclusion: In patients with painful CP and a dilated main pancreatic duct, early surgery was more cost-effective than the endoscopy-first approach.