Development of a simple disposable laser-induced porous graphene flexible electrode for portable wireless intelligent votammetric nanosensing of salicylic acid in agro-products

Agro-sensors not only require less sample consumption, high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, strong reliability, low cost, but also require miniaturization, intellectualization, portability, integrating and networking. Here, we proposed a wireless intelligent flexible mini-sensor for votammetric smart analysis of salicylic acid (SA) in real samples using a disposable laser-induced porous graphene (LIPG) electrode prepared by a home-made computer-controlled direct-laser writing micromachining system. Disposable LIPG flexible electrodes were patterned through a simple one-step laser-induced procedure on the commercial polyimide (PI) film and displayed excellent flexibility, highly specific surface area, high porosity preferable conductivity and satisfactory stability. Machine learning model was selected to realize smart analysis of SA using both a least squares support vector machine algorithm and an artificial neural network algorithm by comparing with the traditional model. A wireless intelligent flexible mini-sensor was assembled by a portable mini-potentiostat with Bluetooth wireless communication coupled with tablet computer and the LIPG electrode, which can be used to replace traditional large-scale workstation coupled with both desktop computer and glassy carbon electrode. This work will provide a preliminary foundation for the future development and exploration of internet of things sensing platform for the quality and safety of agro-products.